PGC-1α provides a direct link between external physiological stimuli and the regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis, and is a major factor causing slow-twitch rather than fast-twitch muscle fiber types. This protein can interact with, and regulate the activity of, cAMP response element-binding protein ( CREB) and nuclear respiratory factors (NRFs). This protein interacts with the nuclear receptor PPAR-γ, which permits the interaction of this protein with multiple transcription factors. It is the master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis. PGC-1α is a transcriptional coactivator that regulates the genes involved in energy metabolism. PGC-1α is a super strong gene that contains two promoters, and has 4 alternative splicings. PGC-1α is also the primary regulator of liver gluconeogenesis, inducing increased gene expression for gluconeogenesis. PGC-1α is the master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis. It may, therefore, have played a key role in differentiating humans from apes. PPARGC1A is also known as human accelerated region 20 ( HAR20). Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PPARGC1A gene. positive regulation of cold-induced thermogenesis.positive regulation of mitochondrion organization.positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II.cellular response to lipopolysaccharide.cellular response to thyroid hormone stimulus.positive regulation of histone acetylation.negative regulation of smooth muscle cell migration.cellular response to estradiol stimulus.cellular response to tumor necrosis factor.negative regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation.positive regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation.positive regulation of cellular metabolic process.positive regulation of muscle tissue development.positive regulation of ATP biosynthetic process.circadian regulation of gene expression.positive regulation of DNA-binding transcription factor activity.positive regulation of cellular respiration.negative regulation of protein phosphorylation.transcription initiation from RNA polymerase II promoter.negative regulation of signaling receptor activity.positive regulation of glomerular visceral epithelial cell apoptotic process.positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated.negative regulation of mitochondrial fission.positive regulation of mitochondrial DNA metabolic process.cellular response to follicle-stimulating hormone stimulus.regulation of transcription, DNA-templated.positive regulation of progesterone biosynthetic process.cellular response to transforming growth factor beta stimulus.positive regulation of fatty acid oxidation.response to electrical stimulus involved in regulation of muscle adaptation.negative regulation of glycolytic process.negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process.
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